Google has created a homepage doodle to mark the 107th anniversary of rear admiral grace murray hoppers birth. One of the first three modern programmers, hopper is best known for her trailblazing contributions to the development of computer languages. In his words, grace hopper was the admiral of the cyber seas. On international womans day we remember grace hopper. Grace murray hopper december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 was an american computer scientist and united states navy rear admiral. A pioneer in the field, she was one of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer, and developed the first compiler for a computer programming language. Rear admiral amazing grace hopper taught computers english. Grace hopper, who rose through navy ranks to become a rear admiral at age eightytwo, is best known for her. Grace murray hopper december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 is a legendary american computer scientist, a us navy rear admiral, professor of mathematics, and computer programming inventor see the fact file below for more information on the grace murray hopper or alternatively, you can download our 24page grace murray hopper worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. Grace hopper with the longest active military career, rear admiral grace hopper 19061992 was also known as amazing grace and grand old lady of software. Biography rear admiral grace murray hopper december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 was an american computer scientist and united states naval officer.
Between 19511952, hopper helped to invent the a0 system, the first ever compiler which transformed complex source code to binary code. Rear admiral grace murray hopper december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 was an american computer scientist and united states naval officer. She played an instrumental role in the development of the cobol computer programming. Grace murray hopper 19061992 was a pioneer of computer science. The word bug was first introduced by thomas alva edison in the 1870s to describe a flaw in a system, however, the term debugging in computers is attributed to grace hopper in 1947. These are readytouse grace murray hopper worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about grace hopper december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 who is a legendary american computer scientist, a us navy rear admiral, professor of mathematics, and computer programming inventor. Navy rear admiral grace hopper, coined the terms bug and debug. Grace hopper gave us the term debugging in more ways than. A pioneer in the field, she was one of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer, and she developed the first compiler for a computer programming language. Grace hopper is known worldwide for her work with the first largescale digital computer, the mark i. Grace murray hopper was a remarkable woman who grandly rose to the challenges of programming the first computers. The harvard mark i computer, predecessor to the mark ii where the bug was found. Mar 15, 2018 in a fastmoving tech world, its worth taking time to remember grace hopper.
Admiral grace hopper, pioneering computer programmer. Grace hopper shattered stereotypes for women in the navy. It was 51 feet long, eight feet high, eight feet deep, she said. Thankfully, we do not have to program computers in zeroes and ones. Debugging the gender gap 2015 origin of computer bug. Grace hopper gave us the term debugging in more ways than one. By 1952, hopper had finished her program linker originally called a compiler. While grace hopper had many accomplishments and skills as a technologist, marketer, teacher, politician, and business person, perhaps the most accurate description of her came from jay elliot, an early apple employee and author, who described grace hopper as appearing to be all navy, but when you reach inside, you find a pirate. May 22, 2019 after graduation, grace hopper went on to yale where she earned both her masters and p.
She developed validation software for cobol and its compiler as part of a cobol standardization program for the navy. One of the first programmers of the mark i, developer of. While neither hopper nor her crew mentioned the phrase debugging in their logs. Our cobol curriculum is based on award winning language design by rear admiral grace hopper. Navy rear admiral grace hopper, coined the terms bug and debug after an incident involving harvard. Her grandfather was a rear admiral, and her childhood dream was to join the us navy. Jan 17, 2017 in 1947, hopper and her team coined the term debugging a computer when they had to pull a dead moth out of mark ii. She coined the phrase after finding a moth inside a computer. She played an instrumental role in the development of the cobol computer programming language. Grace hopper was a pioneering computer scientist and a rear admiral in the u.
Inspired designs on tshirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. Navy admiral and computer pioneer enslow publishers inc. Admiral grace hoppers log book contains the original. Beyer grace hopper and the invention of the information age bookbaby, 2015.
Jan 01, 2012 grace hopper was a pioneering computer scientist and a rear admiral in the u. Grace hopper, or amazing grace as she was sometimes known, was a formidable woman. Grace hopper, born in new york in 1906, was an associate professor of mathematics at vassar when wwii broke out. While its a charming story, the phrase debugging was not used in any of the teams usage logs, and in fact, bug had already been in use in the engineering field for quite some time. On august 14, 1986, rear admiral grace hopper retired from the navy she had proudly served in for 43 years.
She played an instrumental role in the development of the cobol computer programming language 1. A navy admiral and math whiz, she taught computers to talk. Admiral grace hopper s log book contains the original computer bug dr. Plenty of women have been pioneers in the field and their accomplishments were vital. While she was working on a mark ii computer at harvard university, her associates discovered a moth stuck in a relay and thereby impeding operation, whereupon she remarked that they were debugging the system. Tarot card image of grace hopper surrounded by computers and machines. Many of her analogies and examples have become legendary. One of the first programmers of the mark i, developer of the first compiler, and grandmother of cobol, grace made huge strides as a pioneering woman in maledominated computing fields. Grace brewster murray hopper nee murray december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 was an. Today, ill be talking about the amazing grace murray hopper. The day grace hopper literally debugged a program in this months look at the history of cybersecurity, david kalat looks back at the time navy rear admiral grace hopper. Hopper is often claimed to have coined the phrase debugging to refer to identifying issues in computer code. Our acm meetings featured guest lecturers, one of which was admiral grace hopper.
List 3 computer related facts about grace murray hopper. Indeed, in an interview grace hopper remarked that she was not coining the. Grace tried to retire twice, in 1966 and 1971, but both times she was recalled to active duty indefinitely. The life of grace murray hopper while it may not always be highlighted, women have been making much contribution to the field of computer science. The wit and wisdom of grace hopper yale university. To do so, hopper invented the first compiler, a program that. Hoppers abundance of accomplishments earned her the nickname amazing grace, along with many awards including a posthumous presidential medal freedom from barack obama. She was known as amazing grace for her many accomplishments. Two years later, the grace hopper celebration conference was born, and the first military academy building named after a woman, hopper hall, is set to be complete in 2019. Volunteering for the us navy reserve, she was assigned to the bureau of ships computation project, where she worked on the harvard mark i project a calculating machine used in the war effort, from 19449, coauthoring several papers.
In 1985 the rank was reclassified as rear admiral, making her the second woman to hold that rank. Grace hopper gave us the term debugging in more ways. Us navy rear admiral grace hopper, who worked on this machine, was so. An internal examination located the faulty relay and there jammed between the contacts was a moth beaten to death by the rapid opening and closing of the relay. One of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer. Navy who was a pioneer in developing computer technology, helping to devise univac i, the first commercial electronic computer, and naval applications for cobol co mmon b usiness o riented l anguage. Grace hopper and the univac eastmans online genealogy. Hopper is often claimed to have coined the phrase debugging to refer to identifying. In between, she was the third programmer hired to program the ibm mark i at harvard in 1944, the first modern computer, she developed the first software compiler to translate high level programming code into machine code computers. Admiral hopper reported for active duty with the navy in july 1944. Every day, thousands of voices read, write, and share important stories on medium about grace hopper.
Hopper considered her greatest accomplishment to be all the young people she trained. Upon her retirement, hopper was a rear admiral and the oldest serving officer in the entire navy. Admiral hopper was a computer scientist and united states navy rear admiral. She was also one of the only women in the us with a mathematics doctorate, 1. Grace hopper added the caption first actual case of bug being found, and thats the first time anyone used the word bug to describe a computer glitch. Make sure to subscribe if you want to see more videos about women in stem. In a fastmoving tech world, its worth taking time to remember grace hopper. Grace hopper, in full grace murray hopper, nee grace brewster murray, born december 9, 1906, new york, new york, u. She was born in manhattan, her mother a mathematician, her father an insurance executive and her grandfather, with whom she spent a great deal a civil engineer. May 18, 2014 grace hopper, born in new york in 1906, was an associate professor of mathematics at vassar when wwii broke out. Did grace hopper really invent the term bug to describe software errors. One of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming who invented one of the first linkers. After graduation, grace hopper went on to yale where she earned both her masters and p. She conceptualized the idea of machineindependent programming languages, which led to the development.
Sep 12, 2016 make sure to subscribe if you want to see more videos about women in stem. Dec 03, 2015 grace hopper, or amazing grace as she was sometimes known, was a formidable woman. Grace hopper gave us cobol, debugging and inspiration. Grace murray hopper was an american computer scientist and united states navy rear admiral. In 1944, she was one of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer and invented the first compiler for a computer programming language. At the end of her career, hopper had reached the rank of rear admiral in the us navy with a ship named after her. Built in partnership with the us department of defense, cobol alone has stood the test of time as the language that powers the modern technology world. During her lifetime, grace murray hopper was honored with countless awards and designations.
Whether grace hopper really was the first to coin the term bug is an open question but her version of the story is at least fun. Navy who was a pioneer in developing computer technology, helping to devise univac i, the first commercial electronic computer, and naval applications for cobol. Navy destroyer warship and a supercomputer named after her. Lieutenant grace hopper uses a new calculating machine invented by. In 1952, she invented the first software compiler, the a0, which built machine code. Admiral grace hopper explains the nanosecond duration. Grace was the very first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics from yale 2. Debugging is the process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer. Whilst was working on a mark ii computer at harvard university, her associates found that a moth has lodged itself in a relay and had shortcircuited the system. A pioneer in the field, she was one of the first programmers of the harvard mark i computer, and invented the first compiler for a computer programming language. She was promoted to commodore in 1983, a title that was later renamed to rear admiral, lower half, and finally retired for the last time in 1986 at the age of 80. With the longest active military career, rear admiral grace hopper 19061992 was also known as amazing grace and grand old lady of software. Hopper is generally credited with developments that led to cobol, the programming language for business applications on which the worlds largest corporations ran for more than a generation. The terms bug and debugging are popularly attributed to admiral grace hopper in the 1940s.
Grace brewster murray hopper nee murray december 9, 1906 january 1, 1992 was an american computer scientist and united states navy rear admiral. After rooting through the massive machine to find the cause of the problem, admiral grace hopper, who worked in the navys engineering program at harvard. Remote debugging is the process of debugging a program running on a. Mitchell the contributions of grace murray hopper to computer science and computer education dissertation for the degree of doctor of philosophy, university of north texas, 1994. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Read through the life of admiral grace murray hopper below to see the many accomplishments hopper achieved throughout her career. Grace hopper was a charming naval officer who worked for the designer of the mark i computer, howard aiken and later for the creators of the generalpurpose electronic digital computer. During her lifetime as a leader in the field of software development concepts, she contributed to the transition from primitive programming techniques to the use of sophisticated compilers. Grace hopper, american mathematician and rear admiral in the u. Computer programmer grace hopper helped develop a compiler that was a precursor to the widely used cobol language and became a rear admiral in the u. Mar 21, 2018 upon her retirement, hopper was a rear admiral and the oldest serving officer in the entire navy. She was a pioneering woman in the field of computer programming and the navy reservesboth areas notoriously dominated by men.
Credit for the terms bug and debugging are widely attributed to admiral grace hopper in the mid1940s. Filmmaker robin hauser reynolds explores the reasons for the gender and minority hiring gap among software engineers. The mark i was acting up and giving incorrect results. Kevin dankwardt observing a rare find tim barrios, damon beyer, kevin dankwardt, and i were computer science majors at the university of lousiana at lafayette from 1977 to 1981. The doodle also contains a little entomological etymological. By the time of her death, rear admiral grace hopper. Its an oftrepeated tale that the grand dame of military computing, computer scientist and u. Read through the life of admiral grace murray hopper below to see the many accomplishments hopper. And it had 72 words of storage and could perform three additions a second. From 1967 to 1977, hopper served as the director of the navy programming languages group in the navys office of information systems planning and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1973. After her second retirement, hopper continued to work in the computer industry until her death in 1992. Grace brewster murray hopper was a computer pioneer and naval officer.